Technology changes life, and culture affects the world. As early as 1986, the famous economist Romer once pointed out that new ideas will generate endless new technologies, new products, new markets and new opportunities for wealth creation, which is the driving force behind a country's economic growth. In the book "Creative Economy", the internationally renowned cultural economist Hawkins defines the cultural and creative industry as an economic sector whose products are all protected by intellectual property law. However, it is the British Creative Industry Task Force that clearly put forward the development of cultural and creative industries as a national industrial policy and strategy. For the first time, it clearly stated that "cultural and creative industries" generally include advertising, architectural art, art and antique markets, handicrafts, fashion design, film and video, interactive software, music, performing arts, publishing, software and computer services, TV and radio, etc. In addition, tourism, museums and galleries, heritage and sports are included. We believe that "cultural and creative industries" refer to those economic activities that rely on individual creativity, skills and talents to create wealth and employment opportunities by mining and developing intellectual property.
The knowledge-intensive, high value-added and technological integration of the cultural and creative industries plays an important role in enhancing the competitiveness of urban culture, improving the level of industrial development and optimizing the industrial structure. At present, the global output value created by the creative economy is 22 billion US dollars every day, and it is increasing at a rate of 5%. Some countries have grown faster, the United States is 14% (since 1996, the growth rate of the cultural and creative industries in the United States has surpassed all other traditional industries and has become the largest source of export products in the United States), the United Kingdom is 12% (the value added of cultural and creative industries). 9% of the total economy). In my country's Hong Kong and Taiwan regions, the cultural and creative industries are also rapidly rising at an unprecedented speed.
Creativity is the high-level thinking of human beings, and it needs high-end government services. Policy support is a powerful guarantee for countries to develop cultural and creative industries. Vigorously developing the cultural and creative industries has become an important measure and strategic direction for more and more countries and regions to realize the transformation of their economic structures. In view of this, it is very necessary to understand the cultural development plans and corresponding industrial support policies of major countries in order to promote the growth and expansion of my country's cultural and creative industries.
The United Kingdom
is the first country to promote the creative industry policy, and the first country to propose the definition and content of the creative industry.
——In May 1997, when Tony Blair became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the first thing he did was to set up the British Creative Industry Leading Group, taking the promotion of cultural and creative industries as an effective way to save the British economy.
——The promotion policies of the creative industry mainly include: creative export promotion, education and skills training, assistance in corporate financing, taxation and regulatory supervision, protection of intellectual property and local promotion of autonomy. It is the most complete cultural structure in the international industry. industrial policy.
——Propose the slogans of "Creative Britain" and "London Dream" to enhance the cultural taste of the city and revive the splendor of the historical city. In April 2003, the British Embassy in China and the British Council jointly held the "Think UK" event in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chongqing, China, which was the largest overseas event organized by the British government so far. promotional activity.
——London proposed in February 2003 that the cultural strategic goal of the City of London is to maintain and enhance London's reputation as "the world's preeminent creative and cultural center" and become a world-class cultural city. The cultural and creative industries are also the main economic pillar of London, and the wealth created is second only to the financial services industry.
——Since 1997, the UK's cultural and creative industries have grown by an average of 9% annually, much higher than the 2.8% growth rate of traditional industries and three times that of other industries.
——In 2002, the added value of cultural and creative industries amounted to 80.9 billion pounds, accounting for 9% of the total economic output, indicating that the British economy has transformed from a manufacturing-oriented to a creative service-oriented economy, and the UK has become the second largest producer of creative products after the United States.
——The export of British cultural and creative products is about 8 billion pounds per year, with a high growth rate of about 15% each year. During the same period, export growth across all industries in the UK averaged just 4%.
——The creative industry is the largest industry that attracts the largest number of employed people in the country.
The United States
is the country with the most developed cultural and creative industries, and the output value of the cultural and creative industries accounts for 5.24% of GDP; ——Creates
8 million jobs, which is close to 6% of the total employment in the country.
- Between 1977 and 1997, the average annual growth rate of the copyright industry's gross domestic product reached 6.3%, while the annual growth rate of the US gross domestic product was 2.7% over the same period.
——During these 20 years, the employment population of the US copyright industry has doubled to 3.8 million, accounting for 2.9% of the total US employment population, with an average annual growth rate of 4.8%, while the average annual growth rate of the US economic employment population during the same period is 1.6%.
- In 1997, the US copyright industry generated $66.85 billion in profits from foreign sales and exports, surpassing all major industries including agriculture, automobiles, auto parts, and aircraft manufacturing.
——In 2001, the copyright industry in the United States contributed about 535.1 billion US dollars to the national economy, accounting for 5.24% of the gross domestic product.
Japan
- Over the past 20 years, several Japanese governments have taken the development of cultural and creative industries with low resource consumption and high added value as a basic national policy.
——In 1995, Japan issued a report titled "Building a Country with New Culture: Several Important Strategies for Revitalizing Culture", proposing the strategic policy of "building a country with culture" in the 21st century, and vigorously supporting and developing cultural and creative industries through industrial operation.
——The scale of animation art and related industries, second only to the tourism industry, has become the second largest pillar industry in Japan, surpassing the automobile industry.
- In 2003, the total revenue of Japanese animation films and related products sold to the United States was four times the total revenue of Japan's steel exports to the United States. Japan has become the world's largest animation production and export country.
South Korea
- South Korea's overall strategy for developing cultural and creative industries is to build 10 cultural and creative industry parks across the country during the 10-year period from 2001 to 2010 to form a national cultural and creative industry chain.
——After the Asian financial turmoil, South Korea proposed that the cultural industry should be regarded as a strategic pillar industry for the development of the national economy in the 21st century.
——In 2001, South Korea's animation production ranked third in the world, second only to the United States and Japan. South Korea has become one of the top five countries in the world's cultural industry. In 2003, the export value of animation industry exceeded that of steel for the first time.
Singapore
- In 1998, the creative industry was designated as a strategic industry in the 21st century, and the "Creative Singapore" plan was launched.
——In September 2002, the development strategy of the creative industry was comprehensively planned, with the goal of establishing the reputation of "New Asian Creative Center", becoming "a Renaissance city", "a global center of culture and design industry", "a Global Media Center".
——The added value of creative industry accounts for 2.8%-3.2% of GDP.
Hong Kong
, China - In 2002, the creative industries of Hong Kong SAR, China employed more than 90,000 people, bringing an annual output value of 46.101 billion Hong Kong dollars to Hong Kong, accounting for 3.8% of GDP, and the proportion of employed persons reached 5.3%.
——In 2003, Tung Chee-hwa formally proposed the development of the creative industry in the first "Policy Address" of his second term, emphasizing that the creative industry is the combination of cultural and artistic creativity and commodity production.
Taiwan
, China - In 2002, Taiwan, China put forward the "Cultural and Creative Industry" development plan in the "Challenge 2008 Key Development Plan", taking the creative industry as the core industry to be fully supported after the IT industry.
——It is planned to mentor 50 creative life industry projects within 5 years, hoping to create an output value of NT$300 billion, bring 100,000 job opportunities, and drive a new investment of NT$2.25 billion, so that Taiwan can be replaced by information industry products. The transformation of the industrial base into a cultural and creative industry center.
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