Dumas (1824-1895) was a famous French novelist and dramatist in the 19th century. The novel "La Traviata" is the famous work of Dumas, and it is also a work created by Dumas based on his own emotional experience. After the novel came out, it was warmly welcomed, and then it was adapted into a screenplay. After reading the script, Alexandre Dumas was so excited that he burst into tears, and said to him, "My best work is you, my dear child!" To praise Dumas, it means that "La Traviata" must be an immortal great work.
Sure enough, since 1909, "La Traviata" has been put on the screen more than 20 times, fascinating countless audiences; in the 1890s, the famous translator Lin Shu translated "La Traviata" in classical Chinese and introduced it to the Chinese people. , As a result, Luoyang is expensive for paper, and there is a huge response of "poor a roll of camellias, ruining the soul of a prodigal son". In the more than 100 years, countless world events have changed, "La Traviata" has not withered and withered, but has become more and more like an evergreen tree that does not grow old. It is loved by more and more readers. It must be said that it is a miracle.
A novel that has been favored by Chinese and foreign readers for more than a hundred years is destined to have characteristics and connotations that transcend time and space, and transcend national races. In "La Traviata", the writer tells a poignant love story with delicate brushstrokes, superb narrative techniques, and twists and turns, creating a beautiful, kind, sincere, and sacrificial Margaret, expressing her love for The pursuit of pure love and the criticism of social reality are the reasons for its enduring. However, there is another reason: this work is an empathy of Dumas' own experience, saturated with Dumas' own emotional experience, experience of happiness and pain in life. Dumas wrote it with a poetic pen, dipped in his own blood and tears.
Margaret, the protagonist of the novel, is to a certain extent the projection of Dumas' mother. Dumas' biological mother has the same fate as Margaret, who is a woman who was deceived and abandoned. Dumas' mother, Caterina, Rabe, a seamstress, fell in love with Dumas when he was not yet famous and was just a shabby scribe, and gave birth to Dumas. She fell in love with Alexandre Dumas, but never got legal status. Later, with the success of drama creation, Alexandre Dumas began to hang out with actors and ladies of the upper class, and Caterina and her son were gradually left behind. For a long time, my mother lived on a meager income from sewing clothes. However, when Dumas was seven years old, he suddenly remembered that he had a son's father, and he teamed up with his sympathizer, Bell Kleber Sammer, to compete with his mother for Dumas. In order to save her son, the kind mother took him to hide in Tibet, but in the end it was of no avail. Leaving his mother made Dumas extremely painful and angry, so he seldom returned to his father's home and was always hostile to his father's lover. In February 1904, Dumas married his lover Ida Ferrier, which made Dumas even more indignant, and immediately wrote a letter to express his protest to his father. Dumas, who lived among his mother, his father, and his father's lovers, always stood firmly on his mother's side at all times, and held deep sympathy for the suffering of his mother who raised him through hardships. This life experience left a deep memory for Dumas, and it also made him sympathetic to the deceived and abandoned women in his later creations. This idea is reflected in plays such as Denisa. Likewise, this kind of thinking criticizes the social morality of Alexandre Dumas for the tragic fate of Margaret. In the novel, Armand's father couldn't accept Margaret just because she was a prostitute, who in his eyes was a symbol of moral corruption, humiliating, and inhuman, "a creature without heart and without reason. , they are a money-swindling machine, like a machine made of steel, they will crush the hand that handed it to it anytime, anywhere, and smash the person who maintains it and drives it mercilessly and indiscriminately." It is this kind of pseudo-morality that extinguishes the fire of love and the fire of life. Xiao Shenma's criticism of the pseudo-morality that caused Margaret's tragic fate is actually an empathy for her mother's tragic fate, so it is an empathy of her own emotional experience.
At the same time, Margaret and the writer herself have certain similarities, they are both marginalized people of society: Margaret is a prostitute, Dumas is an illegitimate child. It wasn't until the age of 7 that Dumas publicly recognized his legal status. The life experience of the illegitimate child made Xiao Shenma miserable, and he was ridiculed by the world in childhood and adolescence. In school, when the teacher mentioned the illegitimate child in the history class, the classmates all focused their attention on him without hesitation, causing irreparable wounds to his soul. In his later years, he became famous and wrote in a letter to his friends: "I have been ridiculed and ridiculed, insults are commonplace, and there is not even a day of peace, and it is always me who loses in battles, with scars all over my body. It makes me want to die." As a marginalized person in society, he strongly felt the loneliness of being expelled from the group, and tasted the taste of being insulted and despised, so he invested this experience in Margaret's life. body. As a prostitute, Margaret has tasted the coldness of the world, and the world reciprocates her with contempt and disrespect. Margaret said: "Others fear us like they see wild animals, and they despise us like they treat untouchables." The feeling really speaks about the personal experience of Dumas as an illegitimate child.
Finally, the writing of the work itself is the empathy of the writer's life experience. One day in September 1844, while watching a play, Dumas met the beautiful Parisian courtesan Marie Du Plessy, fell in love with her at first sight, and the two fell in love. Dumas sympathized and fell in love with this unfortunate girl, and advised her to pay attention to rest, take care of her body, and accompany her to the countryside for recuperation. But at the same time, Dumas had a strong possessiveness towards her and could not tolerate her contact with other boyfriends. It is a pity that it is difficult to change from luxury to thrift. Although Marie Du Plessy cherishes this feeling, she is already accustomed to a life of luxury and extravagance, and she cannot extricate herself from it, and it is difficult for Dumas to satisfy her material desires. As a result, cracks gradually appeared, and the differences gradually increased. Finally, one day, Dumas found that Marie Du Plessy still kept in touch with the rich, and in a fit of rage, wrote a letter of severance to travel abroad. In February 1847, Dumas returned to China and unexpectedly learned that Marie, who was only 23 years old, had passed away. After the auction of her estate, in addition to paying off her debts, the rest was inherited by a poor niece, but there was one condition: the heir could never come to Paris. This will, containing infinite resentment and deep meaning, deeply touched Dumas. Dumas sincerely loves this woman, still misses her after breaking up, and sets his grave in the Montmartre cemetery. He could not forget this beautiful woman, so 4 months later, Duma came to the country where he and Marie had spent a good time. There, Dumas completed "La Traviata" in less than a month on the basis of his own love.
The novel "La Traviata" tells the love tragedy of the hero Armand and the heroine Marguerite. The prostitute Margaret is elegant, beautiful, and has a large number of admirers. But she is more eager to have sincere love, save herself from the mud, and get rid of a life without dignity. When she learns that Armand is genuinely in love with her, she decides to leave the Parisian social life and live in seclusion with Armand in the countryside. In order to realize her dream, she did not hesitate to sell her carriage, jewelry, shawl, apartment, furniture... I imagined that she would love each other with Armand and spend the rest of her life together. However, the beautiful dream soon encountered resistance from the family: Armand's father, the chief tax collector of city C, would never allow his son to marry a prostitute. In order to thwart the lovers, he first showed affection and reason to his son, but his son ignored it; therefore, Armand's father changed his strategy, took his son away, and talked to Marguerite alone, Tell her: "The two of you are put on a chain, and you can't break it... My son's future is buried, and a girl's future is in your hands, but she has never hurt you in the slightest." It is "reasonable" to point out that Margaret's love will not only harm her own son, but also endanger the innocent, making Margaret unable to hold on to her opinion, and decides to cut off Sui Si. Margaret, who lost her love, is like a walking corpse. She quickly returns to the social world, but not for fun, but only to anesthetize and torment herself, so that her life can end as soon as possible.
But compared to life experience, the novel beautifies Margaret. One reason for this is that the writer has deep regrets for the death of Marie and Du Plessy, and may even have some self-blame for it; the other is the need to create, the more Margaret is The more beautiful it is, the more it can reveal the hypocrisy of social morality and achieve
the purpose of moral criticism. Dumas once said: "Any literature that does not aim at perfecting morality, ideals and benefits is sick and unsound literature." Esthetician V. Lee pointed out in the article "Beauty and Ugly" published in 1897 that people's experience of their own activities is a necessary condition for the generation of beauty, the phenomenon of empathy is the reflection of one's own experience, and the effect of empathy is a long-term concept, The mental process formed by the accumulation of emotions and consciousness. From the subject matter to the emotional expression, "La Traviata" reflects the empathy of the writer's own experience. It is a poignant love story, and it is also the dirge of the writer's heart!
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